Android Architecture Guides for beginners

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Android D evelopment (55 Blogs) Become a Certified Professional The Beginners Guide to Android: Android Architecture Last updated on May 22,2019 70.2K Views Neha Sharma23 Comments Bookmark Become a Certified Professional In our previous Android Tutorials, we have discussed quite a few concepts of Android development. However, while browsing through the articles, I discovered that we have not had a proper discussion about Android Architecture.Because it is one of the most elementary concepts of Android development, I decided to back up a little, and take a quick walk through the Android Architecture.If you wish to strengthen your basic concepts of Android and expand your career opportunities in the same, taking up an online Android Certification training is one of the best ways to do so.Android Architecture: Layers in the Android StackThe Android stack, as the folks over at Google call it, has a number of layers, and each layer groups together several programs. In this tutorial Ill walk you through the various layers in Android stack and the functions they are responsible for.Following are the different layers in the Android stack:Linux Kernel LayerNative LayerApplication Framework LayerApplications layerKernel Layer At the bottom of the Android stack is the Linux Kernel. It never really interacts with the users and developers, but is at the heart of the whole system. Its importance stems from the fact that it provides the following functions in the Android system:Hardware AbstractionMemory Management ProgramsSecurity SettingsPower Management SoftwareOther Hardware Drivers (Drivers are programs that control hardware devices.)Support for Shared LibrariesNetwork StackWith the evolution of Android, the Linux kernels it runs on have evolved too.Here is a Table highlighting the different Kernel versions.The Android system uses a binder framework for its Inter-Process Communication (IPC) mechanism. The binder framework was originally developed as OpenBinder and was used for IPC in BeOS.Native Libraries LayerThe next layer in the Android architecture includes Androids native libraries. Libraries carry a set of instructions to guide the device in handling different types of data. For instance, the playback and recording of various audio and video formats is guided by the Media Framework Library.Open Source Libraries:Surface Manager: composing windows on the screenSGL: 2D GraphicsOpen GL|ES: 3D LibraryMedia Framework: Supports playbacks and recording of various audio, video and picture formats.Free Type: Font RenderingWebKit: Browser Enginelibc (System C libraries)SQLiteOpen SSLLocated on the same level as the libraries layer, the Android runtime layer includes a set of core Java libraries as well. Android application programmers build their apps using the Java programming language. It also includes the Dalvik Virtual Machine.What is Dalvik VM?Dalvik is open-source software.Dan Bornstein, who named it after the fishing village of Dalvk in Eyjafjrur, Iceland, where some of his ancestors lived, originally wrote Dalvic VM. It is the software responsible for running apps on Android devices.It is a Register based Virtual Machine.It is optimized for low memory requirements.It has been designed to allow multiple VM instances to run at once.Relies on the underlying OS for process isolation, memory management and threading support.Operates on DEX files.Application Framework LayerOur applications directly interact with these blocks of the Android architecture. These programs manage the basic functions of phone like resource management, voice call management etc.Important blocks of Application Framework:Activity Manager: Manages the activity life cycle of applications. To understand the Activity component in Android in detailclick here.Content Providers:Manage the data sharing between applications. Our Post on Content Provider component describes this in greater detailTelephony Manager:Manages all voice calls. We use telephony manager if we want to access voice calls in our application.Location Manager:Location management, using GPS or cell towerResource Manager:Manage the various types of resources we use in our ApplicationApplication LayerThe applications are at the topmost layer of the Android stack. An average user of the Android device would mostly interact with this layer (for basic functions, such as making phone calls, accessing the Web browser etc.). The layers further down are accessed mostly by developers, programmers and the likes.Several standard applications come installed with every device, such as:SMS client appDialerWeb browserContact managerWe hope you are clear with the basic Android architecture now! If not, please feel free to ask our experts!Stay tuned for more advanced tutorials of Android.Happy Learning!(Following resources were used in creating this Android Tutorial:developer.android.com,Edureka.co)Related posts:Android Project : BlackJack GameHow to create Android Widgets: RatingBar in Andr oidTop 5 Android Interview Questions for freshersAndroid Tutorials for Beginners: Activity component12 Tips to handle your first campus interview with a Software CompanyRecommended videos for you Building Application In Android Lollipop Watch Now Introduction to Android Development Watch Now Android 5.0 Lollipop Watch Now Learn How To Animate Your Android App Watch Now Building Native Application In IOS 8 Watch Now Working with Advanced Views in Android Watch Now Android Development : Using Android 5.0 Lollipop (4th Feb 15) Watch Now Develop Mobile Apps Using Android Lollipop Watch Now iOS Development-When Android is not enough Watch NowRecommended blogs for you Android Broadcast Receiver: Tutorials for Beginners- 5 Read Article How to Create Android Widgets:Custom Toast Read Article Location Based Services in Android Part 1 Read Article Top iOS Interview Questions You Must Prepare In 2020 Read Article How To Install Android Studio In Your System? 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